Bullet-Points Tips: 2011

Wednesday 21 December 2011

Reduce Burden. Live Happier.

Living in a meaningful way involves developing your own potentials in the best possible way. And opening up a new path in every following area of your life leads to reduce your burden and live happier:-

On an average, we each own over 10000 things in our mind and activities. Make a start at your desk and then move to your closets, rest of your house, garage & your car. Think how to simplify/shorten your activities in them. Remove unwanted/irrevant/unimportant thoughts from your mind.
Managing finances are more difficult than cleaning up the mess in your house. Find out how to get free from financial blockages, and work out your own concept of wealth.
Every person has 24 hours each day. The real issue is how much of your time is free at your disposal. Manage your time by setting clear priorities for your personal and professsional tasks and by keeping yourself free for important things.
Delegate consistently and simplify your communication with others.
Your body is your most personal possession. But most of us pay atention to it only when it does not work properly. Keep yourself fit by always doing some physical exercises, eating happily and keeping yourself engaged.
Concentrating on one activity at a time is the best way to relax adequately.
The social network in your environment can become the source of terribly complicated life. Simplify your relationship to free you up. Make your life more meaningful to move forward.
Balance your work and private life relatoinship to simplify your life.
Learn to understand yourself better and move toward the purpose of your life by developing your strengths.
Less is more. Simplify your life.

Qualities of a Good Leader

Good Leaders are made not born. Good leaders develop themselves through a never ending process of education, self-study, training, and experience. A Good Leader is one who:-

Accepts change and let his employees know that change never ends.
Has the courage to face reality and acts on it quickly.
Teaches his managers to manage less and lets them to come up with new ideas.
Places right people in the right job. Involves everybody and allow them to speak freely.
Brings up the employees who live up to company values.
Reviews expenses and head counts even in good times.
Emphasizes idea sharing & implement best ones. Rewards employees for sharing knowledge.
Starts communication (verbal / non-verbal) with a simple message. Most effective communications are those which are easy to understand.
Motivates employees to go beyond ordinary goals.
Maximises employee participation by linking financial/non-financial incentives to quality performance.
Adapts to changing environment by promoting simplicity and self-confidence.
Monitors customer/employee reactions to the initiative on a continuing basis.

Basics for Graphic Designing

To Become a Graphic Designer one needs to have interest, practice and understandig the world around. If you want to become a good graphic designer, you should know the following pre-requisites:-

Your client wants to convey a message to its customers. You have to express your client' message by a Logo/Logotype. To understand what your client wants to express, go through client's profile and understand all aspects of his business.

Client wants to convey his message also by words. You, as a graphic designer should know how to design the words/slogans for your client's product/service, called 'typography'. Typography simply means 'an art and a technique of arranging words/slogans to make them visible.

Now you have to decide, how to engage your viewer (customer) to your design. Contrasting your design directs him where to look first and what to notice next. Contrasting simply means making difference in color and light between parts of any image/logo/logotype/words.

Next step is layout of your design. Assume you are good driver who knows a destination i.e. layout is the map that makes that you know the road. A good layout provides specific directions to the viewer. Programmes like Dreamweaver, Coffeecup and Adobe GoLive allow you to convert designs done in familiar layout programmes.

If you are designing for books, brochures, magazines and newspapers, you have to decide about the requirements of columns for text, space for illustrations, photographs etc. You should be able to successfully crisp all the information called 'grid'. 'Grid' simply means Layout/Information Organising Technique.

You have to keep page after page very interesting for the viewers (customers) to scan and read.

Logos/Logotypes are the recognitions of what your client wants. To prepare good logo, consider all passible images with maximum number of options to select the best one from them.

You, as a graphic designer, should analyse how and what other designs communicate the viewers.

Women! Protect Lips In Winter

Lips - a sensitive body organ - might get affected by different seasons as they are exposed to the elements. During harsh winters, they appear cracked, bleed, and may also become unnaturally red. Protect your lips by folowing these tips, either or the others of which you can apply:-

Like you prefer applying eye cream at night, apply specialist lip products at night.
To protect your lips against sun, cold and wind, use Opaque Lipsticks.
Gently moisturize your lips with a light toothbrush, topped with lip cream to remove fine cracked particles.
If your lips are sensitive during winter, check out Alpha-Hydroxy-Acids, Vitamin A & E Moisturizers to maintain your lips on daily basis.
Use SPF to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines on the surface of the lips.
Papaya hleps to soften and improve the attractiveness of your lips.
Prepare juicy papaya paste. Lie down and apply the papaya paste to your lips and skin around. Leave it on for 20 minutes, then wash lightly with water and apply lip balm.
Use oil based lubricating lip balm two to three times a day to maintain moisture level of your lips.
It is more ideal to use Natural Lip Balms than the lip products that have chemicals.
You can even apply butter of milk cream before going to bed and wash it off in the morning.
Applying Vasline or Aquaphor will help moisturize the lips and keep them soft.
Try to follow the above tips to add to your faces's attraction.

Tips for Students

There are some many years in a life span, so many days in any given year, and so many hours in any given day. It depends upon how you, as a student of School, College & Professional School, use them. Here are some tips and techniques for you:-

Chart your schedule for a week and maintain an accurate record of how you use your time.
Know which common foods interfere with your sleep. Sleep well at nights to get up fresh next day.
Never go to sleep with TV or your bedroom lights on. Use your last hour before sleep by reading General Knowledge Books or your career planning books.
Reward yourself for time spent studying by watching your favourite good TV shows, by reading good magazines / ebooks, by listening to your favourite songs etc.
If you spend more time for your study, let your parents know. If you study less, your parents let you know.
Use your time in your institution by organising your note-book, recording your assignments, and finding the the materials you will need.
Be punctual and arrive too early to your School/College. Take advantage of free time by hitting Library/Computer Center/interacting with your teachers/professors.
Make due advantage of hi-tech planning devices (Electronic Organiser/Cellphones) for your study purposes to schedule and plan your programs.
Rate your daily performance on a typical day in your classroom. Rate your punctuality, attention and classroom discussion.
Have a list of contact numbers of a few responsible classsmates to help you in your study.
Seeking help from your parents/elderly family members might not be a good option as they would have studied many years ago and as curricula change over time.
Your reading skill/concentration power will be good when you are fresh. If you feel difficult in reading technical passages or primary sources, read it again or break it down into small sections to understand well.
Don't fear from exams. Instead, try to analyse what kind of anxiety you experience. Analyse, is it usually the same or differs from subject to subject? Find out alternative honest ways and means to overcome it.
Carefully choose your friends who are as serious, responsible & approachable as your are.
Follow this blog for more useful tips and techniques for you.

How to Overcome Anxiety?

Anxiety is a psychological disorder causing a feeling of nervousness, fear, worry & unease with no obvious reasons. Anxiety is more common in women than men. Why it happens?

Our brain is a network of 10 billion brain cells, connected with each other. Brain cells sends messengers, called neuro-transmitters to communicate with each other to create our thoughts, behaviours and emotions. If these neuro-transmittors are out of balance, messages are not passed through the brain properly. Or environmental factors like abuse, death of a loved one, changing jobs or schools may lead to anxiety. Following are some useful tips to overcome anxiety:-

Bring change in your intake (food) habits. Limit or avoid alcohol, tobacco, caffeine and sugar.
Limit your availability to answer phones, email messages and meeting people.
At your workplace, every one and a half hour, take 2-minute breaks.
Breathe well whenever you feel panicked, tensed or frightened.
Stay loose and relax. Staying physically calm helps the brain cool down.
Calming the anxious mind and stopping anxious thoughts takes time and practice. Turn aside anxious thoughts and replace them with positive ones.
Worry is one of the reasons for anxiety. Everybody worries. Some develop normal worries into extraordinary ones.
Plan well, identify any problem, brainstorm alternative solutions available if you come across the problem and select a best solution. Do not forget to evaluate the plan.
Clear your worried thoughts for selected positive thoughts to take place.
Do positive self-talk exercise. Self-talk is an ongoing internal conversation with you to influence how you feel and behave.
Develop competence and confidence for managing anxiety by planning anything well-in-advance.
Avoid too many activities and expectations. Find practical ways to reduce too many activities to avoid anxiety.

Dress Code For Interview

Nowadays, job applicants - young and old alike - have lost touch with what dress is suitable for attending interviews. Often they forget that although everyday dress may be casual, the interview is a test to evaluate candidate's professionalism and their seriousness about the job. In the first ten seconds of meeting a candidate, the interviewer makes a mental decision on whether you are the right person for the job. If you are not sure of the proper dress code, here are some guidelines:-

Combination of your Pants/Shirt's color play an important role in presenting yourself. The color you choose for your shirt/pants tells what type of person you are? Know what each color represents.
Men! Carefully select your Pants/Shirt for interview purposes to present yourself in a professional way.
Ensure, clothes you wear for intereview are cleaned, pressed and fit well.
Shine your shoes. Your Shoes should match your shirt/pants/belt or blend with outfit well.
Men - comb hair well. Clean and trim your nails well. Well-fit watch and one ring work best.
Women needs a professional hairstyle & nails evenly and closedly trimmed.
Women should wear simple jewelery that does not distract. Less make up is better.
Men or Women! Some interviewers may be allergic of perfumes. Apply less as far as possible.
Carry a briefcase with your certificates or laptop or leather notebook.
Avoid wearing T-Shirts, Jeans, Slippers, Micro mini-skirts and Night club clothes.
Make sure, your electronic devices like Cellphones do not disturb you and the interview at the time of interview.
Your dress and your image presentation reflects in a positive or negative way.

HR Audit

'Audit' means an examination of records or financial accounts to check their accuracy. Simply put, 'an official examination of records'. HR Audit means, examination of current human resource policies, procedures & systems of any organisation.

Human Resource valuation system cannot be considered to be complete system till it is followed by a system of HR auditing.
HR Audit recognises strengths and identifies needs for human resource function.
HR Audit analyses how effective an organisation is at maximising human capital's contribution.
HR Audit involves systematic reviews of all aspects of HR Functions like Wage & Salary Administration, Recruitment Training, Termination, Job Description, Performance Appraisal, Payroll, Employee Relations, Legal Compliance & Communications.
HR Audit helps to evaluate whether specific practice areas are adequate, legal & effective or needs any improvement?
HR Audit can be conducted at the departmental or at organisational level.
HR Audit gradually conveys a sense of confidence in management and in HR Function that is well managed and prepared to meet any potential challenges.
HR Audit helps in improving the efficiency of human resources in the changing business scenario.
The object of HR Audit is to seek answers to What happened? Why did it happen? Why did it not happen? while implementing Policies, Practices & Directives in managing Human Resources.

PERT

PERT (Programme or Project Evalution and Review Technique), developed US Navy in 50's is a statistical tool and a management tool, for definining and integrating events.

PERT is a manager's tool which defines and co-ordinates what must be done to accomplish project objectives on time.
PERT identifies uncertainties associated with completing different activities involved in the project.
The process of PERT begins with identifying the specific activities and ends with preparation of charts.
PERT provides information about expected project completion time and activity start and end dates.
There are differences between PERT & CPM (Critical Path Method). CPM is a schedule network analysis to identify schedule flexibility of a project.
PERT facilitates identification of critical path.
PERT is basically a tool for planning and control of time whereas CPM can control both time and costs.
PERT is suitable for Research & Development (R&D) related projects and CPM is best suited for routine & those projects where time and cost estimates can be accurately calculated.
PERT is used in Project Management & CPM for Production Management.
PERT is very complex. It is expensive to develop, update and maintain.
PERT is not ideal for smaller projects.

Who Are Demographers?

'Demography' is a social science that organises population facts into a statistical analysis. What demographers do?

Demographers are population specialists. They collect and analyse vital statistics related to human population changes such as births, marriages and deaths.
Demographers conduct research surveys to study population trends and assess effects of population movements.
Demographer works to establish ways in which numbers are organised to produce new and useful information. For example, demographer may study data collected on the frequency of diseases in certain areas.
Some demographers work on the basis of a 'sample technique' in which the characteristics whole population are judged by taking a sample of it.
Demographers also work with statistics, gathered from demographic information like age, gender, occupation, educational level. He analyses it and then uses to forecast population growth or economic needs.
They may also investigate and analyse in variety of social science questions for the government such as rates of illness, availability of health & police services.
Private organisations like Hotel Industries may use the demographers' information to make business decisions such as where to open new outlets to get more customers?
Local, State & National Government Agencies use demographers' statistical forecasts to provide best possible transport, education and other services to the people.
Take breaks. A short walk or quick lunch away from the office will increase your overall productivity for the rest of the day.
Much of the demographers' time is spent doing Library Research, Analysing Demographic Information of various population groups.

Wednesday 30 November 2011

How to Buy Used Car in USA?

Have the plan to buy a used car in USA? You have made a smart decision. Value of a used car depends upon its mileage, condition, reliability, performance and its popularity. Buying a used car in USA is a stressful process but you can make it easier by following simple steps:-

Plan your budget for buying the Car and monthly commitments for monthly installment (if you go for car loan), Maintenance Cost & Insurance Premium.
Decide the Make, Model, Year, Size & the Interior Features you are looking for.
Do not limit your decision for a particular make and model. Expand it. For example, if you are looking for Toyota Make, you think of other makes like Honda, Nissan or Chevrolet.
Decide whether you prefer to buy from the owner or from the dealer.
Visit Craiglist or Carfax or Edmunds for buying new / old cars and for other related services.
Be cautious of scams like Sale of Car by Shipping, Payment through Western Union or Money Wire and abnormally low price cars. Also note, eBay has no involvement for vehicle sale ads.
If you want to know the Car History, get VIN/HIN No. of the car from the owner/dealer and check car history report by visiting Carfax.
Carfax provides detailed information about fair/good/excellent value of the car as on date, ownership/title history, accidents/damages and services undertaken.
After going through the Car History, if you have decided to go for the car, test-drive the car.
To negotiate best deal and/or to avoid any mechanical problems in near future, get the car checked by a mechanic to know any further services/parts replacements required, even if you are satisfied with the vehicle after test-drive.
Inspection of the car by a mechanic is available free or at very affordable charges.
Most owners quote at excellent price. Try to negotiate for good price or less than that.
Keep in mind, good used cars get sold quickly.

Copyright

'Copyright' is a law to protect the creators of original published and unpublished works of authorship. Some important and interesting information about Copyright:-

Copyright protects literary works, books, poems, theses, song lyrics, sound recordings, paintings , logos, screenplays, websites, source code, choreographic works, motion pictures, architectural & technical works.
There is no 'International Copyright Act' which can protect an author's writings throughout the world. But most countries offer protection to foreign works subject to certain conditions.
US has copyright treaties with most countries throughout the world and its copyright is honored in around 190 countries.
Copyright infringement is a violation of exclusive rights of the copyright owner, whether intentional or unintentional.
Copyright Registration establishes a public record of the copyright claim.
Copyright, Trademark & Patent differ from one another.
Copyright protects the works of authorship. Trademark protects words, phrases & logos, identifying source of goods/services like Microsoft, Hewlett Packard & FedEx. Patent is the exclusive right, granted by Government, to make use of an invention of process for a specific period of time like Michael Jackson's Patented Anti-gravity Shoes.
Most copyright litigations are civil in nature. But in some countries, copyright violation is a criminal offence.
Copyright protects those portions of a work that are original and that were created.

Psycho-impacts of Child Abuse

Child abuse is a harm or ill-treatment either by parents or relatives or guardians or by other children either intentionally or unintentionally. They abuse due to some personal or situational factors. According to UNICEF Report, every 13 seconds a child is abused in the world. Inability to manage children single-handed in the case of single parents by expecting too much from children is one of the reasons for child abuse.

Child abuse (physically, psycholgically or emotionally) leads to following negative impacts:-

A punished child becomes preoccupied with feelings of anger and revenge, and prevents him opportunity to learn efficacious methods of solving problems.
Punishment produces "good behavior" in the early years, but at a high price, when the child enters adulthood.
Physically assaulted child concludes that it is permissible to hurt smaller and less powerful persons. When he becomes an adult, he will feel little compassion for those less fortunate than he is, and fears from those who are more powerful than him.
Unskilled parents fail to solve problems in a creative and humane way which continues into the next generation.
Children recall psychological & emotional abuses than pleasant and positive memories.
The more a child is physically punished, he would behave aggressively toward other family members and peers.
Children who are subject to abuse finds it difficult to maintain long-lasting relationships with parents.
Child abuse results in to anxiety, depression, eating disorders, shyness and behaviour, attention and concentration problems.
It is less likely that child abusers are strangers. Around 35% of victims are abused by our friends and family members. Find out the best ways to prevent child abuse.

How Animated Movies Produced?

Creating an animated movie like The Little Mermaid & The Lion King requires meticulous planning. Animated Movies are the ones in which individual drawings and illustrations are photographed frame by frame, each differs slightly from the one preceding it, giving the illusion of movement when projected in rapid succession. Steps involved in producing an animated movie:-

Pre-production begins with the main concepts of the story.
Usually pre-production planning does not start with a script (in which actions, expression and dialogues of the characters are narrated). The story is first story-boarded.
Storyboard tells the story frame by frame like a comic book. It conveys how charaters are moving and what they are speaking to each other.
Once the storyboard is finalised, background locations and costumes are designed for each shot.
Character sheet is then prepared to standardise the appearance and gestures of each characters.
The Animatics process gives an idea of every scene will look and feel with motion and timing. It is a series of images displayed in sequence.
Actual work starts from production phase. Layout Artist first prepares 3D computer graphics, based on the storyboard drawn on paper.
Texturing Artists prepares astonishing details of each charater such as its cloth, hair, eye color and its surrounding environment. For completing this process, artists use softwares like photoshop. Texturing process converts the character and environment more realistic.
Lighting is a very important process in producing any movie. Here, the Lighting Artist ensures what type of lighting atmosphere best suits, depending upon the scene.
After the Lighting process is over, rigging is done by adding bones characters for the movement of the characters.
The final process is done by the compositors who bring together all 3D elements, followed by editing of sound & video.
Video Editing manipulates and rearranges shots and removes unwanted scenes.

Toyota Prefers To Be Best

Toyota - the world's leading automobile manufacturer - is about far more than cars. Designing, Producing, and Selling almost ten million cars each year can never be an easy task. Following deep-seated, unique Corporate Culture and guiding principles make Toyota to be the best in auto industry:-

Most companies worry about the next quarter. Toyoto thinks about the next quarter century.
When Ford & General Motors were building up SUVs, Toyota quietly took a huge lead on hybrids.
Toyota expects its people at every level of its manufacturing process to think and act like quality control inspectors.
It strives for 'Continuous Improvement'. Everything is always open to refinement from assembly line processes to corporate policies.
It revolutionizes the way its employees are managed, to maximize their strengths instead of criticising their weaknesses, Leaders at Toyota take up gladly long-term transformations that might taken even a decade to pay off - one of the much difficult functions.
Toyota creates and develops advanced technologies to fulfill the needs of customers worldwide.
It honors the language and spirit of the law of every nation and undertakes open and fair corporate activities to be good corporate citizen of the world.
Toyota grows in harmony with the global community through Innovative Management.
Toyota deeply researches and analyses the culture and customs of every nation and contributes to economic and social development through corporate activities in the communities.

Writing Reviews About Products

Before you buy any product or avail any service, do you actively search for reviews by the existing customers? Or after you have bought any product or availed any service, have you ever written reviews? If you want to write reviews about a product or service and make the people read your reviews and trust, here are the guidelines:-

Everybody knows no product could be perfect and no one trusts all positive reviews.
More than half of online shoppers read user reviews for researching the product or service.
Readers are not interested in reading lengthy paragraphs and irrelevant information. Most readers read only those reviews which are very simple, easy to understand and to the point. So be brief in short sentences.
Readers with diverse background might be having strong technical knowledge or mighty not be. Use simple language as far as possible.
Begin your review with the Product Make, Model, Price, Place, Merchant's Name & your expectations before buying the product.
Write in points beginning with positive aspects of the product or service.
Most reputed manufacturers/merchants solicit negative reviews of the product. Unbiased negative reviews will help the reader to decide whether to buy the product or not?
While writing negative reviews, be specific about the product or service. As far as negative aspects of the product is concerned, suggest alternate product make & model and other useful information.
Conclude your review about the product in brief - the benefits of buying the product or availing service and what it lacks.
Before posting your review, ensure that the information you have provided is accurate and is free from 'communication overflow'.

Qualities of a Technical Writer

Technical means anything having to do with the specialised areas of Science & Technology and deals with topics of a technical nature. A Technical Writer produces technical documentation for technical, business & consumer audiences and should have the following qualities:-

The purpose of technical writing is transmission of technical information. A Technical Writer should present the facts, data & observations accurately.

The technical document he prepares should contain useful information. Readers are interested in knowing what they need to know about the topic and nothing more and nothing else.

He should be able to ensure that the manual or technical report he has prepared is complete in all respects. He has included everything, readers need to know.

He should prepare the report in brief and ensure that words and phrases used are well-organised and to the point.

He should use his words, sentences & paragraphs in short and in a logical way with visuals such as Chart, Graph, Table or Diagram, if necessary.

He should be able to prepare consistent and uniform throughout his document/report, using abbreviations, punctuations and rules of grammer to avoid confusing the readers.

Often, readers of the technical report will be from diverse backgrounds. A technical writer should be able to write for the majority of readers, at the sametime, accommodating minorities.

A good technical writer should be able to well-organise his document/report and make it interesting for the readers to read.

Strategic Things for Superiors

If you are a Superior and have one or more subordinates under you, what strategic things you can do in his workplace? :-

Most problems have no just one solution. Ask your subordinates for many alternative solutions.
Raise the bar in getting ideas. Ask your subordinates to come up with more ideas as soon as possible.
Sometimes good subordinates work well together. Sometimes they do not. If the need arises, make changes in the team.
Allow your subordinates to perform their task on their own way. Tell them what to do and not how to do?
If your subordinates have trouble in giving answers to a problem, possibly you asked wrong question presented with wrong problem. Make sure, you have properly formed the problem and presented to your subordinates.
Most subordinates value recognition for their efforts more than financial incentives. Allow your subordinates to shine by your appreciation.
Some of your subordinates might not be efficient, but might be having innovative ideas. Give importance to their ideas though not efficient in work.
Use the word "we" instead of 'I". "I" is a dividing word nor it is accurate when you use it to claim credit for an idea.
Share your experience with your subordinates to create an atmosphere of working together easier.
Everybody lies. But lying about important issues really matter. Tell the truth about anything important.
Always keep in mind that your subordinates work with you and not for you.

SWOT

SWOT is a planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a particular direction for any business. Why & How SWOT analysis is conducted? How to use it & how it can be evaluated?:-

SWOT Technique was developed Albert Humphrey at Stanford University.
SWOT helps to position products and services against competitors and to plan for potential future threats.
SWOT can be used as a precursor to developing strategic plan.
Strengths, Weaknesses, and Opportunities are internal or external while threats are almost external to business.
SWOT is a brainstorming activity and key employees should always be involved in the process.
SWOT analysis takes into account other areas of business such as Market Share, Customer Service, Marketing Effectiveness, and Financial Strength.
It helps in making decision to invest in the new product or to consider other revenues to increase revenue.
SWOT may also be used in any decision-making situation.
SWOT helps to chalk out future plans by using past and current data.
SWOT does not provide any guidance to rank each of the elements under Strengths, Weaknesses, Threats and Opportunities or set priorities.

HRD Vs. Personnel

HR & Personnel Management are considered to be same functions but vary from each other:-

The function of HRD is to 'develop' employees & Personnel to 'control' them.
HR deals with managing the knowledge, aptitude, skills & creativity of the personnel whereas Personnel Management deals with rules and regulations for the personnel.
Scope of HR is wide. HR deals with proactive planning and discovering new ways in which task is performed in a given time-frame. Scope of Personnel Management is narrow. It limits to administration and achievement of given targets in a utilitarian and practical manner. HR treats employees as people having emotions and as an asset and trained and developed for the benefit of organisation as well as employees.
HR considers employees as useful human assets for the organisation whereas Personnel considers the employees as cost for the organisation.
HR focus on getting the work done by co-ordination and support whereas Personnel focus on getting the work done by giving authority to superiors.
In case of HR, communication channel is always open, whereas personnel communication believes in one way communication - from top to bottom.
HR believes that employee commitment and support is important for organisational effectiveness and success whereas Personnel believes that an organisation can succeed even without active support of the employees.
HR deals more with training & development, problem-solving, collaborative team work & employee orientation whereas personnel management deals with recruitment, selection & salary administration.

Monday 24 October 2011

Six Sigma

Six Sigma is a 'Management Strategy', developed in 1986 by a reputed company - Motorola - in USA. Some basic and important information about Six Sigma:-

Six Sigma is a set of practices to improve processes in any industry, be it manufacturing or service.
Six Sigma & Sigma 6 - both are different. Sigma 6 is a line of military-themed action figures and toys, produced by a multinational and Board-game Company - Hasbro - in USA.
Six Sigma is based on PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act), an interactive four-step management method for the control and improvement of products or services.
It is ideal for large organisations to implement Six Sigma. Companies with a manpower of strength of less than 500 are not suited to Six Sigma implementation.
Six Sigma & Kaizen - both focus on Quality Improvement. Sig Sigma strives for 'breakthrough improvement' but Kaizen (a Japanese Management Technique) strives for 'continuous improvement'.
To support Six Sigma, four classes of software are used. (i) Analysis Tools (ii) Programme Management Tools (iii) Collaboration Tools & (iv) Data Collection Tools.
Six Sigma utilises many Quality Management Tools like 5 Whys, Variance Analysis, Control Chart, Pareto Analysis etc.
Main difference between Six Sigma & TQM is the approach. TQM - a management approach - aims at long term success through customer satisfaction.
Six Sigma is a methodology and a popular tool for large businesses.

Functions of a Nurse

Nurse provides nursing care to patients in hospital, nursing home, or similar health care centers. A Nurse could be General Duty Nurse, Medical Staff Nurse, Staff Nurse & Registered Nurse. Typical functions of a Nurse include:-

Preparing equipment and aiding physical during treatments and examination of patients.
Observing patient, records significant conditions and reactions, and notifies patient's condition and reaction to drugs, treatments and significant incidents.
Taking temperatures, pulse, blood pressure, and other vital signs to detect deviations from normal and determines progress of patient.
May rotate among various clinical services of institution, such as obstetrics, surgery, orthopedics, outpatient and admitting pediatrics, psychiatry, and tuberculosis.
Preparing rooms, sterile instruments, equipment and supplies, and hand items to Surgeon/Obstetrician, or other medical practitioner.
Arranging beds, bathing and feeding patients.
Serving as leader for group of personnel rendering nursing care to number of patients.

How to Find If Somebody Is Lying

There are often cues and signs that a person may be lying. There may also be understandable reasons for the lie. How to find out if someone is lying?:-

Look for Body Language to know someone is lying, such as not looking you in the eye while speaking to you, acting nervous or uncomfortable.
Listen for inconsistencies in what the person tells you, such as different stories at different times.
Notice if the person constantly resists answering any of your questions. Extreme defensiveness could mean that he or she is hiding something.
If the person accuses you of lying or being deceitful when you are not, this reflects the accuser's own underlying beahviour which he or she is projecting onto you.
If you are not sure whether someone is lying, do not jump to conclusions. Try to get some evidence to back up your intuitive feeling.
Consider asking directly if the person has lied to you. Many people feel bad getting caught lying and find it a relief to finally be honest.
Try to understand and listen to the person's reasons for lying. Is his or her intention is, not to hurt you or afraid you would be angry or upset?

Make Small Room Looks Bigger

Simple ways to make small room looks large:-

Open up the room by maximizing views of the outdoors and adjoining rooms.
Paint the walls light in color.
Ensure room is well-illuminatied to enhance the sense of adequate space.
Paint moldings, doors and the like in the same color as the walls.
Minimise decorative objects or ornaments on the table top.
Rooms have a greater sense of space with white ceilings.
Run linear flooring such as wood strips and ceramic tile on the diagonal. This creates the longest straight lines possible in the room.
Use the same flooring material throughout the space to unify it and make it seem more expansive.
Select ceramic tile that is oversized - even in small bathrooms.
Place furniture that is scaled appropriately to the room. A oversize sofa will consume too much space in a small room.
Decorate windows simply.

Functions of a Sales Manager

Manages Staffing, Training, and Performance Evaluations to develop and control Sales Program of area of establishment:-

Sales Manager's position is the first level of management and may have supervisors reporting to it.
Co-ordinates sales distribution by establishing sales territories, quotas, and goals.
Advises dealers, distributors, and clients concerning sales and advertising techniques.
Assigns sales territory to sales personnel.
Analyses sales statistics to formulate policy and to assist dealers in promoting sales.
Reviews market analyses to determine customer needs, volume potential, price schedules, and discount rates, and develops sales campaigns.
Recommends product simplification and standardization to eliminate unprofitable items from sales line.
Represents Company at industry association meetings to promote product.
Plays role of liaison between sales and other departments.
Hold sales meetings.
Analyses and controls expenditures of division to conform to budgetary requirements.
Prepares periodic sales reports showing sales volume and potential sales.